The tape itself is sometimes referred to as a chain, the lead person the head chainperson, the following the rear chainperson. In a nod to tradition, the taping process is often called chaining. It has uniform thickness along its length which makes major instrumental errors systematic and easier to compensate procedurally or mathematically. A tape doesn't have physical connections and is relatively light. It was also heavier and links were subject to bending if not carefully handled.
It replaced a chain which consisted of links and rings, a portion of which is shown in Figure E-1.Ī chain was a flexible measuring device, however the links and rings would eventually wear requiring length adjustment at the handles. The theodolite has other more parts are - Level tube, Foot Plate, Standard Frame, Upper Clamp, Trunnion Axis, Lower Clamp, Vernier Frame, Inner Axis, Outer Axis, Altitude Level, Leveling Screw, Clamp Screw.A tape is a thin ribbon of metal with uniform markings used to measure distances. Plumb bob- To center the instrument precisely over a station mark, a plumb bob is suspended from the hook fitted to the rock bottom of the central vertical axis.The tripod head has male screws on that the trivet of the leveling head is screwed. At the lower ends of the legs, pointed steel shoes are provided to urge them pushed into the bottom. Tripod- The theodolite is mounted on a powerful tripod once getting used within the field.It is provided for taking the magnetic bearing points. Magnetic compass- A circular box compass or magnetic compass is mounted on the vernier scale between the standards.It is helpful to centralize the complete instrument over the positioning. Shifting head lies below the lower plate. The shifting head-Shifting head conjointly consists of two parallel plates that are modified one over the opposite among a limited range.The lower one is called a lower tribrach plate and is connected to the tripod stand. The upper one is called as upper tribrach plate and is used to level the upper plate and telescope with the help of equalizing screws provided at its three ends. The leveling head- The leveling head consists of two parallel triangular plates called tribrach plates.Plate levels facilitate the telescope to mend incorrect vertical points. Plate level- Plate levels are lifting by the upper plate that is the proper angles to every different with one they are coordinate to trunnion axis.Horizontal angles are measured with this plate. it is strictly connected to the tripod-escalating assembly and does not modifier or shift. It homes the foot screws and the carrying for the vertical axis. The lower pale- The lower plate is that the base of the entire instrument.The bubble is understood as a plate bubble and located within the upper plate. The instrument must be leveled and this leveled is achieved by adjustment of three-foot screws and perceptive an explicit tube bubble. the upper plate must be horizontal to the alidade axis and coordinate to the trunnion axis. It also helps to rotate the standards and telescope regularly for correct measurement. The upper plate- It is the bottom on that standard and vertical settled.The standards’ frames support the telescope and allow it to spin about the vertical axis. The standards- Standards look like 'A' shaped and for that, it is known as A-frame.The horizontal wing helps to require the measurement of vertical angles and the vertical wing helps to grip the telescope at the wanted level. This frame is additionally called a t-frame or vernier frame. Index frame- The frame consists of horizontal and vertical wings.Vertical Circle- It is used for measuring the vertical angle.Horizontal plate (Circle)- It is used for measuring the horizontal angle.It can be up to an accuracy of 20 degrees. It rotates about a horizontal axis in the vertical plane. Telescope- It is used to see the object.These theodolite parts are discussed briefly below. Theodolite consists of some main parts, such as: Depends on placing the parts, the measuring result could be changed or stabled. Whenever theodolite uses in sites, each part takes seriously. Without regulation of the parts cannot be worked accurately. The parts should be accustomed to each other. Knowing the parts of a theodolite is important.
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